Just like humans, snakes have to adapt to when the weather changes. As temperatures drop, most snakes enter brumatation. They find shelter underground or in isolated crevices to wait out the cold, but they might venture into a sunny spot to warm up, known as opportunistic basking. Understanding how snakes cope with cooler temperatures helps people, pets, and wildlife stay safe.
Ectoherms in the Cold: What is Brumation?
Snakes are ectotherms (cold-blooded) animals, which means they rely on outside heat to regulate body temperature to survive. In fall and winter of the Northern Hemisphere, many reptiles enter brumation. This is a reptile’s version of dormancy. It is similar to hibernation; reptiles reduce their activity, metabolism, and slow their breathing to survive colder temperatures. They aren’t fully asleep, but overall much slower and less active. They do not eat while in brumation because their body temperatures are too low, but they will take an occasional drink of water.
Where do Snakes Go in the Winter?
Common winter shelters (often called hibernacula/overwintering dens) include:
- In between rock crevices, rodent burrows, and tree roots
- Crawl spaces, piles of lumber and rocks, under logs and stumps, or foundations
- Communal dens with multiple snakes together
The hibernacula has specific characteristics to keep the snake safe over the cold months. It must maintain a consistent temperature above freezing. These spots retain heat and protect from cold winds and sudden temperature changes.
Will you Still See Snakes in the Winter?
Sometimes! For example, California has mid-winter warmups which can bring snakes to the surface to bask in the sun, hydrate or find a different shelter. Snake sightings are less common than in the spring or summer but definitely not impossible, especially on a sunny day after a cold night.
Winter Safety: Coexistence Tips
- Clean up shelter spots: Keep piles of wood or rocks, tarps, and debris off the ground and away from walls. Always be careful when checking them before moving. Use gloves and never reach in blindly.
- Reduce potential water sources around your property and seal gaps in your home’s foundation and around doors and pipes.
- Control the food supply: keep outdoor trash cans sealed to avoid attracting rodents, which is a primary source for snakes.
If you encounter a snake: Give it space! If removal is needed, contact your local animal control or a snake professional. Do not attempt to handle, harm, or move it yourself.
What Not To Do
- Don’t try to kill or attempt to handle or move it yourself. Be safe and avoid snakebite.
- Don’t relocate wildlife on your own. This can be illegal and harmful.
Why Snakes Matter, Even in Winter
Even when snakes are unseen, they control rodents and protect gardens and homes from pest damage. Respectful coexistence keeps the ecosystems balanced all year round.
